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Related Concept Videos

Liver Histology01:27

Liver Histology

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The microscopic anatomy of the liver is a complex and intricate system that comprises numerous structural units known as liver lobules, each of which is comparable in size to a sesame seed. These hexagonal structures consist of plates of liver cells or hepatocytes, which are characterized by their versatility and abundance of cellular apparatus like rough and smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, and mitochondria.
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Classifying Liver Cytology Using the WHO Reporting System: Institutional Experience and Malignancy Risk Assessment.

Saroja Devi Geetha1, Amr Ali1, Meena Kashi1

  • 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, North Shore University Hospital and Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, New York, USA.

Diagnostic Cytopathology
|March 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reclassifies liver cytology reports using the World Health Organization (WHO) system, establishing risk of malignancy (ROM) for each category. Repeat sampling is advised for non-diagnostic and atypical liver cytology findings.

Keywords:
WHO reporting system for liver cytologyliver CNBliver FNAliver cytologyliver metastasisrisk of malignancy

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Cytopathology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Standardized reporting in liver cytopathology is crucial for accurate patient management.
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) Reporting System for Liver Cytopathology provides a framework for consistent communication.
  • Assessing the risk of malignancy (ROM) within cytopathology categories is essential for clinical decision-making.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reclassify liver cytology reports according to the WHO classification system.
  • To determine the risk of malignancy (ROM) associated with each category of the WHO liver cytopathology classification.
  • To evaluate the utility of repeat fine-needle aspiration (FNA) in specific diagnostic categories.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 976 liver cytology reports from 2019-2023.
  • Reclassification of cytology diagnoses based on the WHO classification system.
  • Analysis of surgical follow-up (SFU) data to determine the risk of malignancy (ROM).

Main Results:

  • The WHO classification yielded categories including non-diagnostic (n=79), benign (n=117), atypical (n=25), suspicious for malignancy (n=6), and malignant (n=749).
  • The risk of malignancy (ROM) was 17% for non-diagnostic, 23% for benign, and 100% for atypical, suspicious, and malignant categories based on SFU.
  • Repeat FNA showed high malignant upgrade rates: 80% in non-diagnostic and 75% in atypical categories.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides ROM values for the WHO Reporting System for Liver Cytopathology categories.
  • Repeat sampling is recommended for non-diagnostic and atypical liver cytology findings due to significant malignant upgrade rates.
  • The WHO classification system aids in stratifying malignancy risk and guiding clinical management of liver lesions.