Nature-Inspired Photoresponsive Bionic Robots Using the Tellurium-MoS₂-Graphene Hybrid Structure

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Robotics
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Multifunctional soft robots mimic natural organisms for navigation in complex environments.
• Photothermal self-excited actuators offer wireless power and control for soft robotics.
• Achieving efficient photoresponsive actuation is crucial for soft-bioelectronics.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the impact of Tellurium (Te) nanoparticles on 2D hybrid structures for enhanced photoresponsive actuation.
• To explore the potential of Te-based nanostructures for near-infrared (NIR) light-driven soft robotics.

Main Methods:

• Systematic study of Te nanoparticles integrated into a 2D hybrid structure.
• Characterization of photothermal conversion efficiency, bending, and response time under NIR light.
• Development of a soft bionic "Dragonfly" to demonstrate actuation capabilities.
• Utilizing Density Functional Theory (DFT) and in situ Raman spectroscopy to analyze photoactuation mechanisms.

Main Results:

• Achieved a photothermal conversion efficiency (η) of approximately 12.7%.
• Demonstrated significant bending capabilities (∼5.74 cm^-1) and a fast response time (∼250 ms).
• The hybrid structure reached temperatures of ∼85 °C within ∼5 s upon NIR light exposure.
• Successfully developed a soft bionic "Dragonfly" exhibiting controllable bending and wing movements.

Conclusions:

• The Te-based hybrid structure significantly enhances photothermal conversion and actuation performance.
• This approach offers a promising strategy for developing efficient and responsive soft bionic systems.
• The developed technology has substantial potential for advanced soft robotic and soft-bioelectronic applications.