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Related Concept Videos

Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

15.7K
A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
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Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

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Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared....
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Chemical Bonds02:40

Chemical Bonds

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Atoms participate in a chemical bond formation to acquire a completed valence-shell electron configuration similar to that of the noble gas nearest to it in atomic number. Ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds are some of the important types of chemical bonds. Bond energy and bond length determine the strength of a chemical bond.
Types of Chemical Bonds
An ionic bond is formed due to electrostatic attraction between cations and anions. Often, the ions are formed by the transfer of electrons...
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Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures02:46

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Compared to ionic bonds, which results from the transfer of electrons between metallic and nonmetallic atoms, covalent bonds result from the mutual attraction of atoms for a “shared” pair of electrons.
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Radical Formation: Homolysis00:54

Radical Formation: Homolysis

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A bond is formed between two atoms by sharing two electrons. When this bond is broken by supplying sufficient energy, either two electrons can be taken up by one atom forming ions by the cleavage called heterolysis, or the two electrons are shared by two atoms, with one each creating radicals by the cleavage called homolysis.
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sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization
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A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions
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Constructing Inter-ring Hydrogen Bonds for High-Performance Energetic Compounds.

Zihan Lin1, Xudong Xu1, Ning Ding1

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.

Organic Letters
|March 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new energetic material by creating a resonance-assisted hydrogen bond (RAHB) within a bicyclic structure. This compound offers high energy density and detonation performance with reduced sensitivity to mechanical stimuli.

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Area of Science:

  • Energetic Materials Science
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Materials Engineering

Background:

  • Achieving high energy density and stability is crucial for energetic materials.
  • Resonance-assisted hydrogen bonds (RAHB) offer a promising strategy for stabilizing molecules.
  • Bicyclic compounds are of interest due to their structural properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize a novel bicyclic energetic material incorporating an inter-ring RAHB.
  • To evaluate the energy performance (detonation velocity and pressure) of the synthesized compound.
  • To assess the mechanical sensitivity of the new energetic material.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of bicyclic compound 5 through targeted molecular design.
  • Engineering an inter-ring resonance-assisted hydrogen bond within the bridged skeleton.
  • Measurement of detonation velocity and pressure using standard techniques.
  • Assessment of impact sensitivity (IS) and friction sensitivity (FS).

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of compound 5 featuring an inter-ring RAHB.
  • Achieved a high detonation velocity of 9096 m/s.
  • Recorded a detonation pressure of 36.3 GPa.
  • Exhibited low mechanical sensitivity with IS = 35 J and FS = 288 N.

Conclusions:

  • The engineered inter-ring RAHB effectively enhances the stability of the bicyclic energetic material.
  • Compound 5 demonstrates a favorable balance of high energy output and low sensitivity.
  • This study presents a viable approach for designing safer, high-performance energetic materials.