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Updated: Mar 13, 2026

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Coronary microvascular dysfunction in pregnancy: time to pay closer attention?

Eirini Beneki1,2, Nikolaos Pyrpyris1, Athanasios Sakalidis1

  • 1First Cardiology Department, School of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
|March 12, 2026
PubMed

Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is increasingly recognized as a significant cardiovascular condition, particularly among women, yet its diagnosis and management during pregnancy remain poorly understood. CMD may arise de novo in the context of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy or represent an exacerbation of pre-existing endothelial dysfunction. This article views current evidence surrounding CMD in pregnancy, outlines the limitations of current diagnostic and treatment approaches, and highlights critical research gaps that must be addressed to improve outcomes in this vulnerable population.

Keywords:
adverse pregnancy outcomescardiac magnetic resonance imagingcardiovascular imagingcoronary microvascular dysfunctionechocardiographygestational diabeteshypertensive disorders of pregnancypreeclampsia

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