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Risk factors for acute kidney injury after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a systematic review and

Hongyan Chu1, Shuling Li2, Liyuan Cao3

  • 1College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China.

Frontiers in Medicine
|March 12, 2026
PubMed

Insights

This study identifies key risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Older age, prolonged bypass, diabetes, balloon pump use, and blood transfusions increase AKI risk.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Nephrology
  • Surgical Complications

Background:

  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe complication following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.
  • AKI increases patient mortality, complication rates, and hospital stay.
  • Existing research on AKI risk factors after CABG is inconsistent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze existing evidence.
  • To identify primary risk factors for AKI following CABG surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases.
  • Included observational studies reporting risk factors for postoperative AKI after CABG.
  • Used random-effects models to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Main Results:

  • Included 17 studies with 33,809 patients.
  • Identified older age, prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass, diabetes, intra-aortic balloon pump use, and red blood cell transfusion as significant risk factors.
  • Prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass and intra-aortic balloon pump use showed a pronounced effect.

Conclusions:

  • Older age, prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass, diabetes, intra-aortic balloon pump use, and red blood cell transfusion are significant risk factors for AKI post-CABG.
  • Prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass duration and intra-aortic balloon pump use are particularly impactful.
  • These findings aid in stratifying risk and potentially preventing AKI in CABG patients.
Abstract

Keywords:
acute kidney injurycoronary artery bypass graftmeta-analysisrisk factorssystematic review

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