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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Setup and Execution of the Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice Death Notification Curriculum
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Past-Year Emergency Department Utilization Patterns Among Suicide Decedents: Characterizing At-Risk Patient

Lucas M Neuroth1, Danielle Brathwaite2, Anna E Waller3

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC; Highway Safety Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC.

Annals of Emergency Medicine
|March 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Frequent emergency department (ED) use among suicide decedents is linked to higher mortality risk. Understanding ED visit patterns can inform suicide prevention strategies for high-risk individuals.

Keywords:
Emergency department utilizationEpidemiologyInjury preventionSuicideVulnerable populations

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Suicidology

Background:

  • Frequent emergency department (ED) use is a known risk factor for suicide.
  • ED visits offer a critical opportunity for suicide intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the timing of ED visits among suicide decedents based on their past-year ED utilization.
  • To characterize demographic and visit differences between suicide decedents and other ED patient populations.

Main Methods:

  • Linked North Carolina emergency department (ED) and death records (2019-2020).
  • Classified decedents as frequent (≥4) or infrequent (<4) ED users based on past-year visits.
  • Assessed timing from the final nonfatal ED visit to death and compared characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Of 2,883 suicide decedents, 670 linked to an ED visit; 213 had past-year ED use.
  • Frequent users (21.6%) had significantly lower survival rates (28%) within 30 days of their final visit compared to infrequent users (65%).
  • Frequent ED users who died by suicide were demographically distinct from infrequent users and general ED populations.

Conclusions:

  • Suicide decedents with frequent or single ED visits exhibit distinct demographic profiles compared to the general ED population.
  • The interval between the last nonfatal ED visit and death by suicide varies with the frequency of past-year ED use.