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Diabetic Retinopathy: Does 12 Weeks of Intensive Lifestyle Intervention Cause Any Improvement?
Priyal Meghsham Talmale1, Mrunal Phatak2, Puja Bang3
1Junior Resident, Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India, Corresponding Author.
Introduction:
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular disorder occurring due to the long-term effects of diabetes mellitus and is the most common cause of severe vision loss in adults. Diabetic retinopathy may lead to vision-threatening damage to the retina, eventually leading to blindness.
Aim:
To study the effect of 12 weeks of intensive lifestyle intervention program on diabetic retinopathy using OCT and VEP.
Setting And Design:
Quasi-experimental study conducted in the Department of Physiology in collaboration with the Department of Ophthalmology at AIIMS, Nagpur.
Materials And Methods:
75 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus with a duration of >5 years were recruited as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After taking clinical history and anthropometry parameters, visual evoked potential and optical coherence tomography were done. Then, a 1.5-hour lifestyle intervention session was conducted. Followed by follow-up visits on 15th, 30th, and 45th days, done with biweekly follow-up in between through telephonic/ WhatsApp group.
Results:
Modification in dietary pattern, regular exercise, healthy sleep schedule, and stress management showed a reduction in latencies and no major changes in amplitudes, but overall mild improvement was observed in PRVEP and FVEP. Also, in the retinal nerve fiber layer, mild changes along with a reduction in the severity of thickening of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) of both eyes were seen, but no major changes in central macula thickness were observed.
Conclusion:
Lifestyle modifications play a crucial role in the improvement of diabetic retinopathy.
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