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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Standardized In vitro Assays to Visualize and Quantify Interactions between Human Neutrophils and Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms

Standardized In vitro Assays to Visualize and Quantify Interactions between Human Neutrophils and Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms

Published on: June 8, 2022

Increased Bacterial Load per Neutrophil Reduces Intracellular Killing Capacity.

Louise V Duebel^1,2,3, Simon O Dekker^2,3, Suzanne H Bongers^1,2

¹Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Journal of Innate Immunity

|March 12, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Neutrophils ingesting many bacteria show reduced killing ability due to impaired phagolysosomal acidification. This impacts early infection control by innate immune cells.

Keywords:

Bacterial killing Containment Neutrophils Phagocytosis Phagolysosomal pH Single-cell killing assay

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Real-Time Quantification of Reactive Oxygen Species in Neutrophils Infected with Meningitic Escherichia Coli

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Published on: April 20, 2021

Area of Science:

Immunology
Cellular Microbiology

Background:

Neutrophils are key innate immune cells crucial for combating bacterial infections.
During early infection, neutrophils face high bacterial loads, but their killing capacity under such conditions is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between bacterial load per neutrophil and intracellular killing efficiency.
To explore the impact of high bacterial loads on neutrophil phagolysosomal function.

Main Methods:

Neutrophils isolated via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS).
Intracellular bacterial load quantified using imaging flow cytometry with GFP-expressing Staphylococcus aureus.
Single-cell killing assay and phagolysosomal acidification measurements performed.

Main Results:

Bacterial uptake by neutrophils is highly heterogeneous.
Increased bacterial load per neutrophil correlated with significantly reduced intracellular killing.
Higher bacterial loads impaired neutrophil phagolysosomal acidification capacity.

Conclusions:

Neutrophils with higher bacterial loads exhibit diminished antimicrobial capacity.
Reduced phagolysosomal acidification is a key mechanism underlying impaired killing at high bacterial loads.
These findings are critical for understanding early infection control dynamics.