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Incidence of Childhood Stroke and Association With Recent Infection: A Population-Based Study Using Linked Data.

Lachlan L Dalli1,2, Muideen T Olaiya1,2, Hannah J Morgan2,3,4

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Recent infections significantly increase the risk of childhood stroke, doubling the likelihood. However, this study found no significant association between childhood vaccination and stroke risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Limited population-based data exist on childhood stroke incidence and risk factors.
  • Associations between recent infections, vaccinations, and childhood stroke require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of childhood ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
  • To investigate associations between recent infection or vaccination and the risk of childhood stroke.

Main Methods:

  • Population-based case-control study using linked administrative data (2017-2023) in Victoria, Australia.
  • Infections and vaccinations ascertained via state-wide databases and the Australian Immunisation Register.
  • Conditional logistic regression analysis matched cases with controls.

Main Results:

  • The incidence of childhood stroke was 5.8 per 100,000 person-years.
  • Children with stroke were more likely to have had a recent infection (41.9% vs. 18.6%), with a higher risk for ischemic stroke.
  • No significant association was found between recent vaccination and childhood stroke.

Conclusions:

  • Recent infections are associated with a doubled risk of childhood stroke.
  • Contemporary population-wide data confirm infection as a significant risk factor.
  • No evidence suggests vaccination increases childhood stroke risk.