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Global Patterns of Ecosystem Multifunctionality Resistance under Global Change.

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Global changes threaten ecosystem multifunctionality. Biodiversity change has the strongest impact, and resistance decreases with more stressors and time, especially in subtropical regions.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science
  • Global Change Biology

Background:

  • Ecosystems provide multiple functions essential for human well-being.
  • Global changes (biodiversity loss, climate change, pollution) threaten ecosystem multifunctionality.
  • Understanding the drivers and resistance of multifunctionality to global change is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the global effects of various global change factors on ecosystem multifunctionality.
  • To investigate how multifunctionality resistance responds to interacting factors and spatiotemporal patterns.
  • To identify key drivers impacting ecosystem multifunctionality and its stability.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a meta-analysis of 140 studies worldwide.
  • Assessed the impacts of biodiversity change, species invasion, nutrient enrichment, climate change, chemical pollution, and grazing.
  • Analyzed the effects of single and multiple interacting factors on multifunctionality resistance.

Main Results:

  • Biodiversity change had the strongest negative impact on ecosystem multifunctionality.
  • Multifunctionality resistance decreased with an increasing number of global change factors.
  • Resistance was higher at higher latitudes and decreased with experimental duration, indicating greater sensitivity in subtropical regions and cumulative stress effects.

Conclusions:

  • Biodiversity loss is a primary driver of declining ecosystem multifunctionality.
  • Ecosystems are less resistant to multiple interacting global change factors.
  • Spatiotemporal variations in resistance highlight the need for targeted conservation strategies, especially in vulnerable subtropical regions.