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Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators

Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators

Published on: April 25, 2020

Liquid metal-polymer composites for soft robotic actuators.

Jingjing Yang¹, Minghui Guo², Xuelan Zhang²

¹State Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology and Beijing Key Laboratory Cryobiomedicine, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science

|March 12, 2026

Summary

Liquid metal-polymer composites (LMPCs) offer advanced soft robotics actuation. This review details their materials, fabrication, and mechanisms for intelligent, responsive robots.

Keywords:

Artificial muscle Functional polymeric composites Liquid metal Soft actuator Soft robot

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Robotics Engineering
Polymer Science

Background:

Liquid metal-polymer composites (LMPCs) are gaining traction for soft robotics.
Their unique properties enable large deformations and precise control via external stimuli.
This review focuses on LMPCs for soft robotic actuators.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review recent advancements in LMPCs for soft robotic actuators.
To cover material systems, fabrication techniques, and actuation mechanisms.
To outline challenges and future directions in the field.

Main Methods:

Categorization of LMPCs based on material systems: LM-DEs, LM-LCEs, LM-HGs, LM-SMPs.
Classification of fabrication methods across three integration dimensions.
Analysis of response mechanisms, actuation performance, and applications.

Main Results:

Detailed overview of various LMPC systems and their integration strategies.
Elaboration on actuation principles driven by electric, thermal, and magnetic fields.
Summary of performance metrics and successful applications in soft robotics.

Conclusions:

LMPCs are highly promising for next-generation soft robotic actuators.
Further research is needed to address fabrication challenges and enhance performance.
Future development directions include exploring novel materials and expanding application scope.