Developing a feasible exercise program for patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: An action...

To develop and evaluate a feasible exercise program for patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) during the transplantation period.

This study was conducted in two strategic phases. The first phase established a foundational program through a systematic literature review and expert consultation with physical therapists, alongside the development of evidence-based evaluation tools. The second phase utilized seven cycles of action research for first-time HSCT patients to refine the intervention. By synthesizing quantitative and qualitative data at each stage, the program underwent continuous optimization, resulting in a robust, feasible exercise protocol specifically tailored to the unique physiological demands of transplant patients. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically in accordance with SRQR guidelines.

The final exercise program required a minimum of three days per week, comprising at least 20 min per session of low-intensity aerobic, breathing, stretching, and resistance exercises. Critically, no adverse events were reported. The average satisfaction was 3.8 (SD = 0.4), and adherence reached 124.2% (range: 66.7%-188.9%), indicating frequent self-initiated exercise. Qualitative findings highlighted positive experiences, improved habits, and enhanced family connections. High patient motivation facilitated sustained participation despite persistent physical and psychological barriers inherent to the HSCT process.

This flexible, caregiver-assisted exercise program was feasible, safe, and highly acceptable for patients undergoing HSCT. Medical team and caregiver support promoted implementation. The demonstrated safety and high adherence rates provide a strong clinical rationale for integrating this structured protocol into the standard care pathway as a proactive intervention to enhance patient functional capacity.