Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Difference from Background: Limit of Detection01:05

Difference from Background: Limit of Detection

9.0K
The limit of detection (LOD) is the smallest amount of analyte that can be distinguished from the background noise. The LOD value corresponds to the concentration at which the analyte signal is three times larger than the standard deviation of the blank signal. Below this value, the analyte signal cannot be differentiated from the background noise. It is calculated by dividing the calibration slope by 3 times the standard deviation of the blank signals.
The LOD indicates the presence or absence...
9.0K
Reducing Line Loss01:18

Reducing Line Loss

524
In a three-phase circuit, line loss is an indicator of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistance of transmission lines. To address this, incorporating transformers into the system—a step-up transformer at the source and a step-down transformer at the load—is a strategic solution. Two three-phase transformers are introduced to improve this.
With a step-up transformer at the source, the voltage is increased, thereby reducing the current in the transmission lines since power loss...
524
Basic Operations on Signals01:22

Basic Operations on Signals

1.3K
Basic signal operations include time reversal, time scaling, time shifting, and amplitude transformations. These operations are fundamental in signal processing and analysis.
Time Reversal mirrors a continuous-time signal about the vertical axis at t=0. This is achieved by substituting t with −t. For example, if a signal x(t) is considered, the time-reversed signal is x(−t). This operation can be graphically represented, showing the mirrored signal.
1.3K
Upsampling01:22

Upsampling

745
Managing signal sampling rates is essential in digital signal processing to maintain signal integrity. A decimated signal, characterized by a reduced frequency range due to its lower sampling rate, can be upsampled by inserting zeros between each sample. This upsampling process expands the original spectrum and introduces repeated spectral replicas at intervals dictated by the new Nyquist frequency. To refine this zero-inserted sequence, it is passed through a lowpass filter with a cutoff...
745
Effects of feedback01:24

Effects of feedback

1.1K
Feedback in control systems plays a critical role in shaping various operational parameters, extending beyond simple error reduction to influence stability, bandwidth, gain, impedance, and sensitivity. Understanding these effects requires examining a basic feedback system characterized by defined input, output, error, and feedback signals.
Feedback significantly modifies the gain of a control system. The gain of a system without feedback is altered by a factor of one plus GH, where G represents...
1.1K
Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Functions01:30

Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

564
A ship tracking an approaching aircraft relies on geometric measurements to find out the aircraft’s position relative to the observer. By measuring the slant distance to the aircraft and the angle of elevation, the horizontal and vertical components of the distance can be obtained using trigonometric relationships. This geometric approach provides a basis for analyzing how the observed angle changes as the aircraft moves closer to the ship.To examine the mathematical behavior of the angle...
564

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Obesity is associated with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy: A multi-institutional extended validation study.

Urologic oncology·2017
Same author

Diagnostic Accuracy of <sup>64</sup>Copper Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography for Primary Lymph Node Staging of Intermediate- to High-risk Prostate Cancer: Our Preliminary Experience.

Urology·2017
Same author

The Microbiome of the Prostate Tumor Microenvironment.

European urology·2017
Same author

Is transurethral resection alone enough for the diagnosis of histological variants? A single-center study.

Urologic oncology·2017
Same author

Prognostic Role of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Primary Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer.

Clinical genitourinary cancer·2017
Same author

Development and Internal Validation of a Novel Model to Identify the Candidates for Extended Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection in Prostate Cancer.

European urology·2017
Same journal

SSTR-Targeted Radiotheranostics in Breast Cancer: A Comparison of [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-DOTATOC and [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-SSO120 with [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG PET.

Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine·2026
Same journal

Prognostic Value of Restaging [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG PET/CT in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Undergoing [<sup>177</sup>Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 Therapy.

Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine·2026
Same journal

Radiation-Induced Senescence in Radiopharmaceutical Therapy: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.

Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine·2026
Same journal

Discovery of a Thermostable Nigerose Phosphorylase for the Efficient Chemoenzymatic Radiosynthesis of a <i>S. aureus</i>-Targeted <sup>18</sup>F-Disaccharide.

Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine·2026
Same journal

End-to-End PET/CT Interpretation and Quantification with an LLM-Orchestrated AI Agent: A Real-World Pilot Study.

Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine·2026
Same journal

Renal Medullary Carcinoma: Utility of [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG PET/CT in Evaluating Extent of Disease and Impact on Treatment Management.

Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Cone Beam Intraoperative Computed Tomography-based Image Guidance for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion
05:37

Cone Beam Intraoperative Computed Tomography-based Image Guidance for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion

Published on: August 6, 2019

6.9K

Actionable Feedback on Signal-to-Background Ratios During Drop-in Radioguided Surgery.

Berkay A Cakal1,2,3, Kateryna Pirkovets1,4, Vera A Ottens1,4

  • 1Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine
|March 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Real-time signal-to-background ratio (SBR) feedback during prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radioguided surgery (RGS) improved surgical perception and efficiency. This enhanced feedback system, integrated into robotic consoles, aids in better discrimination of cancerous lesions.

Keywords:
PSMAdrop-in γ-probeprostate cancerradioguided surgeryrobotic surgery

More Related Videos

A High-Throughput Image-Guided Stereotactic Neuronavigation and Focused Ultrasound System for Blood-Brain Barrier Opening in Rodents
08:02

A High-Throughput Image-Guided Stereotactic Neuronavigation and Focused Ultrasound System for Blood-Brain Barrier Opening in Rodents

Published on: July 16, 2020

5.6K
Optimizing Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: A Fully 3D CT O-Arm Navigated Workflow in MIS TLIF
08:34

Optimizing Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: A Fully 3D CT O-Arm Navigated Workflow in MIS TLIF

Published on: October 17, 2025

767

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 1, 2026

Cone Beam Intraoperative Computed Tomography-based Image Guidance for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion
05:37

Cone Beam Intraoperative Computed Tomography-based Image Guidance for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion

Published on: August 6, 2019

6.9K
A High-Throughput Image-Guided Stereotactic Neuronavigation and Focused Ultrasound System for Blood-Brain Barrier Opening in Rodents
08:02

A High-Throughput Image-Guided Stereotactic Neuronavigation and Focused Ultrasound System for Blood-Brain Barrier Opening in Rodents

Published on: July 16, 2020

5.6K
Optimizing Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: A Fully 3D CT O-Arm Navigated Workflow in MIS TLIF
08:34

Optimizing Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: A Fully 3D CT O-Arm Navigated Workflow in MIS TLIF

Published on: October 17, 2025

767

Area of Science:

  • Nuclear medicine and surgical oncology
  • Minimally invasive robotic surgery
  • Molecular imaging and diagnostics

Background:

  • Radioguided surgery (RGS) using prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted tracers faces challenges with low intraoperative signal intensity.
  • Limited signal intensity hinders accurate target discrimination based solely on probe counts per second during surgery.
  • Existing methods lack real-time contrast information, increasing cognitive load for surgeons.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate if real-time signal-to-background ratio (SBR) feedback improves surgical perception, decisiveness, and scanning efficiency in PSMA-targeted RGS.
  • To assess the integration of a graphical user interface (GUI) for live SBR feedback into a robotic console.
  • To determine the impact of SBR feedback on probe handling and target discrimination during salvage RGS procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 10 patients from the TRACE-II trial undergoing salvage RGS with 99mTc-PSMA.
  • Comparison between standard counts per second feedback (control) and live SBR feedback via a GUI (experiment).
  • Quantification of scanning performance using total and target scan durations, with probe trajectories reconstructed via video tracking.

Main Results:

  • Fourteen PSMA-avid lesions were successfully resected and confirmed as cancerous.
  • Real-time SBR feedback group showed reduced median total scan duration (455s to 237s) and target scan duration (299s to 212s).
  • Normalized median target scan duration decreased significantly with SBR feedback (21.1 to 5.3 s/cps), indicating improved efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Streaming real-time SBR feedback into robotic consoles enhances surgical perception and decisiveness in PSMA-RGS.
  • The GUI-integrated SBR feedback digitizes contrast information, reducing cognitive load and improving target discrimination.
  • Findings support further multicenter studies to establish standardized SBR-based performance metrics for RGS.