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Related Concept Videos

RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

8.0K
The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
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RNA Structure01:23

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Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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RNA Stability01:53

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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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Molecular insights into dynamic RNA quaternary assemblies.

Zirui Huang1, Weijun Lin1, Liu Wang2

  • 1The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Biosafety Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

RNA Biology
|March 12, 2026
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Summary

Natural RNA oligomers, unlike proteins, rarely form quaternary structures. Recent studies reveal diverse RNA higher-order assemblies and their dynamic multimerization mechanisms, offering new therapeutic and predictive applications.

Keywords:
RNA oligomerizationRNA structurecryo-EMdynamic quaternary assemblyintermolecular interface

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Protein quaternary assembly is common in biological processes.
  • Natural RNA quaternary structures are less frequently reported and understood.
  • Observed RNA structures range from homodimers to complex homooligomers and heterodimers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current knowledge on natural RNA quaternary structures.
  • To explore the intermolecular motifs and dynamics governing RNA oligomerization.
  • To highlight potential applications stemming from insights into RNA multimerization.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of reported RNA quaternary structures.
  • Analysis of intermolecular motifs (kissing-loops, pseudoknots, etc.).
  • Examination of factors influencing RNA oligomerization dynamics.

Main Results:

  • RNA higher-order assemblies utilize diverse motifs similar to dimers.
  • Oligomerization dynamics are influenced by secondary structure, motifs, and shape complementarity.
  • A growing body of evidence reveals complex RNA quaternary structures.

Conclusions:

  • Structural insights into RNA multimerization are advancing.
  • Understanding RNA quaternary assembly has implications for RNA structure prediction.
  • Potential applications include condensate formation and RNA-based therapeutics.