Ribosome-targeted and Adjuvant Strategies to Combat Antibiotic Resistance.

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Molecular Biology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global health threat.
• Bacterial resistance mechanisms often target ribosome-function-disrupting antibiotics.
• Novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to combat AMR.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review challenges in combating AMR.
• To evaluate innovative strategies targeting bacterial ribosomes.
• To explore adjuvant therapies like AI, phage therapy, monoclonal antibodies, and CRISPR systems.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review.
• Searches conducted across major scientific databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar).

Main Results:

• Bacteria employ diverse mechanisms to evade ribosome-targeting antibiotics.
• Innovative strategies including AI-enabled screening, phage-antibiotic synergy, monoclonal antibodies, and CRISPR-Cas systems show promise.
• These approaches can overcome resistance mechanisms and restore antibiotic efficacy.

Conclusions:

• Advanced strategies offer a paradigm shift by directly targeting ribosomal functions or resistance genes.
• Limitations in phage specificity, CRISPR delivery, and regulatory aspects require attention for clinical translation.
• Integration of AI accelerates therapeutic development and precision.