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An Engineered Abscisic Acid Receptor Enhances ABA Signaling and Improves Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Rice.

Jaeeun Song¹, In-Sik Song¹, Rigyeong Kim¹

¹Plant Biomaterials and Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, JeonJu, South Korea.

Plant, Cell & Environment

|March 13, 2026

Summary

Researchers identified key residues in the rice abscisic acid (ABA) receptor OsPYL5, enabling ABA-independent function. Engineering this receptor enhances plant tolerance to abiotic stresses like drought and salinity.

Keywords:

ABA Oryza sativa OsPYL5 abiotic stress tolerance random mutagenesis

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Area of Science:

Plant Biology
Molecular Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a crucial plant hormone regulating responses to abiotic stress.
ABA signaling involves PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE1-LIKE (PYL) receptors binding to Type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2CAs).
Constitutively active ABA receptor variants can improve plant stress tolerance.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify amino acid residues in the rice ABA receptor OsPYL5 responsible for ABA-independent interactions.
To engineer OsPYL5 for enhanced abiotic stress tolerance in rice.

Main Methods:

Random mutagenesis of OsPYL5 followed by yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening.
Site-directed mutagenesis to create specific OsPYL5 variants (e.g., OsPYL5^L93W N102Y).
Reporter gene assays in rice protoplasts, in vitro phosphatase assays, and generation of transgenic rice lines.

Main Results:

Identified L-93 and N-102 residues in OsPYL5 critical for ABA-independent interaction with OsPP2CA51.
Engineered OsPYL5^L93W N102Y mutant showed strong ABA-independent activity and enhanced ABA-responsive reporter activation.
Transgenic rice overexpressing OsPYL5^L93W N102Y exhibited delayed germination, growth retardation, increased ABA sensitivity, and enhanced tolerance to drought and salt stress.

Conclusions:

Key residues L-93 and N-102 enable ABA-independent function of the OsPYL5 receptor.
Engineering OsPYL5 can lead to improved abiotic stress tolerance in rice.
This study provides a strategy for enhancing crop resilience to environmental challenges through receptor engineering.