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Related Concept Videos

The ABO Blood Group01:12

The ABO Blood Group

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The ABO blood group system is a critical element of transfusion medicine, essential for determining blood compatibility in transfusions and organ transplants. It is based on specific antigens, or agglutinogens, present on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs) and corresponding antibodies, or agglutinins, in the blood plasma.
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Blood Typing01:10

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Understanding an individual's blood group is a critical component of transfusion medicine. It ensures compatibility in blood transfusions, organ transplants, and even during pregnancy. Determining these blood groups involves the ABO and Rh blood typing systems, utilizing specific antigens and corresponding anti-sera to identify an individual's blood type.
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Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
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Blood transfusion is a critical medical procedure that saves lives and treats various medical conditions. It involves transferring blood from a donor to a recipient. This process requires a thorough understanding of the ABO blood group system and its associated antigens and antibodies.
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Blood Types02:20

Blood Types

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Human blood is classified into different types based on the presence of antigens on the red blood cell's surface and antibodies in the plasma. Proper identification of blood type is essential for successful blood transfusion. The International Society of Blood Transfusion has identified 38 human blood types based on the surface antigens on the red blood cells. The most common types are ABO, Rh, and MNS blood types.
ABO blood group
ABO antigens are glycoproteins encoded by genes present on...
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Rh Blood Group01:19

Rh Blood Group

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The Rhesus (Rh) antigen is crucial in determining blood groups and ensuring compatibility during blood transfusions.
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Revealing and quantifying polyclonal anti-A, B specificity in ABO histo-blood groups.

Stephen Henry1, Holly Perry2, Polina Obukhova3

  • 1School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Design and Creative Technologies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.

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Researchers developed a new method to quantify the anti-A,B antibody independently of anti-A and anti-B. This finding reveals the complexity of anti-A,B antibodies and may aid in clinical evaluations.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Transfusion Medicine
  • Serology

Background:

  • The antibody anti-A,B, along with anti-A and anti-B, is a known component of blood group O plasma.
  • Distinguishing the titer contribution of anti-A,B from anti-A and anti-B is challenging due to its reactivity dependence on A or B antigens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for semi-quantitating anti-A,B independently of anti-A and anti-B.
  • To investigate the complexity and range of anti-A,B antibody activity.

Main Methods:

  • Chemically synthesized AB epitope (ABep) was attached to red blood cells to create ABep-kodecytes.
  • Optimized methodology using ABep-kodecytes, A-kodecytes, and B-kodecytes for semi-quantitative analysis of undiluted plasma samples.
  • Parallel standard titrations with plasma dilutions against natural A1 and B cells were performed.

Main Results:

  • ABep-kodecytes enabled semi-quantitation of anti-A,B independently of anti-A and anti-B.
  • Anti-A and anti-B levels were inferred by subtracting the anti-A,B contribution.
  • A wide range of anti-A,B levels was observed in group O samples, including those with high-titer ABO antibodies.
  • Unexpectedly, anti-A,B-like antibodies were detected in some individuals of blood groups A, B, and AB.

Conclusions:

  • Anti-A,B is a more complex antibody than previously understood, exhibiting activity across a broad continuum.
  • In vitro detectable anti-A,B-like antibodies can be present in non-group O individuals.
  • Independent measurement of anti-A,B may offer clinical utility in evaluating associations.