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Updated: Mar 14, 2026
10:25
"Liver-on-a-Chip" Cultures of Primary Hepatocytes and Kupffer Cells for Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Published on: February 19, 2019
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Acute-on-chronic liver failure due to hepatitis B.
1Centre of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Max Super Specialty Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India.
Frontiers in Gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)
|March 13, 2026
Summary
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a severe liver disease with high mortality. This review focuses on Hepatitis B virus-related ACLF (HBV-ACLF), discussing its definition, treatment, and prognosis.
Area of Science:
- Hepatology
- Virology
- Critical Care Medicine
Background:
- Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a critical condition with high mortality, often stemming from end-stage liver disease (ESLD).
- Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related cirrhosis presents a significant risk for developing ACLF upon superadded insults.
- Varied definitions and phenotypes complicate the diagnosis and management of ACLF.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an updated understanding of HBV-ACLF, integrating epidemiological and clinical findings.
- To offer new insights into the definition, diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment, and prognostication of HBV-ACLF.
Main Methods:
- Review of epidemiological and clinical studies on HBV-ACLF.
- Analysis of existing data on diagnostic criteria, pathogenesis, and treatment strategies.
Main Results:
- HBV-ACLF is characterized by acute hepatic insult superimposed on chronic HBV infection or cirrhosis.
- Management strategies include organ support, liver transplantation, and antiviral therapy (NUCs).
- Nucleos(t)ide analogues and artificial liver support may enhance survival in select HBV-ACLF patients.
Conclusions:
- Liver transplantation remains the definitive treatment for ACLF, including HBV-ACLF.
- Medical therapies like NUCs offer potential survival benefits for specific HBV-ACLF patient subsets.
- Further research is needed to refine definitions, diagnostic criteria, and treatment protocols for HBV-ACLF.
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