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Improved Perovskite Solar Cells with an Environmentally Friendly Phthalocyanine Hole Extracting Interlayer
Suresh K Podapangi1,2, Laura Mancini3, Daimiota Takhellambam1
1CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy.
ACS Applied Energy Materials
|March 13, 2026
Summary
Phthalocyanine interlayers boost perovskite solar cell efficiency by reducing recombination and enhancing perovskite crystallinity. This leads to improved performance under both sunlight and indoor lighting, along with increased device stability.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Organic Electronics
- Photovoltaics
Background:
- Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising renewable energy devices.
- Recombination losses at the interface between the hole-selective contact and perovskite limit PSC performance.
- Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are used for hole extraction in p-i-n PSCs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate phthalocyanine as an interlayer in SAM-based p-i-n PSCs.
- To mitigate recombination losses and enhance perovskite film properties.
- To improve the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells.
Main Methods:
- Incorporation of a phthalocyanine interlayer between the SAM and perovskite layer.
- Synthesis of tetra-3,5-dimethylphenoxy-zinc phthalocyanine (DMPO4).
- Device characterization under simulated solar and indoor lighting conditions.
- Stability testing under ISOS-D1 conditions.
Main Results:
- Phthalocyanine interlayer effectively reduced recombination losses.
- Enhanced perovskite crystallinity, leading to reduced nonradiative recombination.
- Increased shunt resistance and open-circuit voltage.
- Power conversion efficiency (PCE) increased from 18.4% to 20.2% (solar) and 27.3% to 30.1% (indoor).
- Improved device stability, with average T80 increasing from 1134 h to 1347 h.
Conclusions:
- Phthalocyanine interlayers are effective in improving SAM-based p-i-n PSC performance.
- The developed synthetic strategy offers a cost-effective and practical approach for utilizing these materials.
- The study demonstrates a viable pathway for enhancing PSC efficiency and stability.
