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Related Concept Videos

Sympathetic Pathways: Collateral Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla01:27

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The sympathetic pathways of the collateral ganglia and adrenal medulla serve unique but interconnected roles in the sympathetic response.
Collateral Ganglia
Sympathetic preganglionic axons reach the collateral ganglia along the route of splanchnic nerves. These nerves bypass the sympathetic trunk and communicate with sympathetic postganglionic neurons housed in the prevertebral ganglia. These ganglia supply the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity.
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The sympathetic chain ganglia, also known as the sympathetic trunk ganglia or paravertebral ganglia, are a series of ganglia located bilaterally on either side of the spinal column. These ganglia serve as relay stations for the sympathetic nervous system. Preganglionic neurons originating in the spinal cord project their axons to the sympathetic chain ganglia. Within the ganglia, these preganglionic fibers synapse with postganglionic neurons.The postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic trunk...
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The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a crucial role in preparing the body for stress, physical activity, and increased energy demands. This division activates the "fight-or-flight" response, enabling individuals to respond effectively to challenging situations.
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Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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The cranial part of the parasympathetic division plays a crucial role in regulating the visceral functions of the head and specific structures in the neck, thoracic, and abdominopelvic cavities. Preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division exit the brain through cranial nerves III (oculomotor), VII (facial), IX (glossopharyngeal), and X (vagus), delivering parasympathetic output to the respective visceral structures.
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Related Experiment Video

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Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter
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Large Nonfunctioning Anterior Mediastinal Epiaortic Paraganglioma.

Batoul Abbas1, Aya Alhelou1, Eman Darrh1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Damascus University Faculty of Medicine, Damascus, Syria, damascusuniversity.edu.sy.

Case Reports in Cardiology
|March 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This rare case highlights a carotid body tumor with an epiaortic paraganglioma, necessitating aortic replacement. Discovering one neuroendocrine tumor warrants screening for others in different locations.

Keywords:
case reportmediastinumneoplasmparagangliomapathologysurgery

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Carotid body tumors and epiaortic paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine neoplasms.
  • Synchronous paragangliomas in multiple locations within a single patient are exceptionally uncommon.
  • The management of these tumors often involves complex surgical considerations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report an extremely rare case of coexisting carotid body tumor and a large, nonfunctioning epiaortic paraganglioma.
  • To emphasize the importance of comprehensive screening for additional tumors when a neuroendocrine tumor is identified.
  • To discuss the surgical implications, including the need for ascending aorta replacement.

Main Methods:

  • Case report detailing the diagnostic and surgical management of a patient with multiple paragangliomas.
  • Review of relevant literature on synchronous paragangliomas and their clinical presentation.
  • Preoperative imaging and intraoperative findings are described.

Main Results:

  • A patient presented with a carotid body tumor and a large, nonfunctioning epiaortic paraganglioma.
  • The epiaortic paraganglioma necessitated ascending aorta replacement due to its size and location.
  • No other synchronous tumors were identified in this specific case, but the principle of screening remains.

Conclusions:

  • The coexistence of carotid body tumors and epiaortic paragangliomas is exceedingly rare.
  • Preoperative identification of an extrathoracic neuroendocrine tumor mandates thorough screening for additional, potentially asymptomatic, paragangliomas.
  • Multidisciplinary management is crucial for optimizing outcomes in patients with complex neuroendocrine tumors.