Chronotype and its Association With Weight Status and Dietary Patterns Among Tunisian Female University Students

Circadian clocks regulate physiological rhythms based on light, food intake, and fasting. Disruptions to these clocks are associated with health problems. Chronotype, reflecting individual circadian preferences, is influenced by sleep and eating habits, especially in students. This study aimed to determine the chronotype of Tunisian female university students and examine its relationship with weight status, nutritional status, and eating disorders. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 80 female university students. Participants completed questionnaires assessing general characteristics, physical activity, sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), chronotype (Morning-Evening Questionnaire), eating habits and disorders (Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire), and dietary intake (Nutrilog software). Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. The mean age was 20.85 ± 0.98 years. Chronotype distribution was 22.5% morning, 47.5% intermediate, and 30% evening. Evening chronotypes had significantly higher BMI (27.01 ± 5.26 kg/m²) and body fat percentage (27 ± 4.25%) (P < .001). They showed delayed meal timing, lower physical activity (P = .02), less regular breakfast consumption (P < .001), longer meal durations (P = .03), and higher fastfood intake (P < .001). Additionally, they exhibited increased eating disorders, sleep disturbances (P = .003), and excessive energy, carbohydrate, lipid, and protein intake (P < .01). Assessing chronotype in students may help detect early health risks. Larger studies and biological assessments are recommended.