Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Antigen-Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Specific Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Antigen-Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Specific Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Published on: February 24, 2023

PLR/SII/D-dimer iron triangle: a novel precision prediction strategy for Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia-associated

Minxuan Feng¹, Wenyan Li², Tao Ai¹

¹Department of Respiratory, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.

Frontiers in Medicine

|March 13, 2026

Insights

Plastic bronchitis (PB) is a serious lung infection. A new model combining platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and D-dimer can predict PB occurrence in children more accurately.

Area of Science:

Pulmonary Medicine
Infectious Diseases
Hematology

Background:

Plastic bronchitis (PB) is a severe pulmonary disease with poorly established early diagnostic methods.
Accurate and early prediction of PB is crucial for timely clinical intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify independent risk factors for PB in patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.
To develop a clinically applicable predictive model for early PB diagnosis.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of 132 hospitalized patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae lobar pneumonia.
Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to identify risk factors.
Development and evaluation of a predictive model using platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and D-dimer via ROC curves.

Main Results:

Several factors, including PLR, SII, and D-dimer, were identified as independent risk factors for PB.
A combined model of PLR, SII, and D-dimer demonstrated higher predictive value than individual factors.
Continued macrolide therapy beyond two courses did not significantly reduce PB occurrence.

Conclusions:

PLR, SII, and D-dimer are key indicators for predicting PB in children.
The combined model offers improved sensitivity and specificity for PB prediction.
This model aids in guiding the duration of macrolide antibiotic therapy.

Read full analysis

Abstract

Objective:

Plastic bronchitis (PB) is a life-threatening pulmonary infection disease, and the early recognition and diagnostic prediction of PB are currently not well established. This study aims to identify independent risk factors for PB and develop a clinically applicable predictive model to help clinicians make earlier and more accurate judgments about the potential occurrence of PB.

Methods:

This study included 132 hospitalized patients with lobar pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection who underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy. The study group consisted of 44 PB patients and 88 non-PB patients. Clinical data were collected and analyzed using chi-square tests, t-tests, non-parametric tests, Pearson χ ² tests, continuity-corrected χ ² tests, and Fisher's exact probability tests. Univariate analysis was performed to identify potential risk factors, and logistic regression analysis was used to determine the main independent risk factors for PB. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to evaluate the predictive potential of single-factor models and a combined model of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and D-dimer for PB occurrence.

Results:

The results of univariate analysis showed that N%, L%, NLR, PLR, CRP, PCT, SII, LDH, D-dimer, and the duration of macrolide antibiotic therapy were all independent risk factors for PB. It was also suggested that continued use of macrolides after two courses did not significantly reduce the occurrence of PB. The results of multivariate regression analysis indicated that a combined analysis of PLR, SII, and D-dimer had higher predictive value for PB occurrence. This was further supported by plotting ROC curves and establishing a triad model of these indicators to achieve simple data calculation for predicting PB in clinical practice.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates that PLR, SII, and D-dimer are important indicators for predicting the occurrence of PB in children. The combined model of these three indicators is more sensitive and specific than the individual risk factors in predicting PB occurrence. Additionally, this model provides synergistic guidance for the duration of macrolide antibiotic therapy.

Keywords:

fiberoptic bronchoscopy lobar pneumonia plastic bronchitis predictive value systemic immune-inflammation index

More Related Videos

A Non-invasive and Technically Non-intensive Method for Induction and Phenotyping of Experimental Bacterial Pneumonia in Mice

A Non-invasive and Technically Non-intensive Method for Induction and Phenotyping of Experimental Bacterial Pneumonia in Mice

Published on: September 28, 2016

Related Concept Videos

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:

Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention

Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention

Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed....

Pneumonia IV: Management

Pneumonia IV: Management

The treatment of pneumonia varies based on its severity and the causative pathogen. Here is a structured approach to managing pneumonia, integrating pharmaceutical and supportive care strategies.
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sleep disorders in stroke rehabilitation: mechanisms, impacts, and multidisciplinary management - a narrative review.

Frontiers in neurology·2026

KAT6A inhibitor-loaded and anti-PD-L1-coated manganese metal-organic framework nanoplatform for enhanced colorectal cancer immunotherapy via cGAS-STING activation.

International journal of pharmaceutics: X·2026

Quantitative Prediction of Honey Peach (Prunus persica L.) Maturity Using Hyperspectral Imaging and Regression Generative Adversarial Network.

Applied spectroscopy·2026

Vitamin D neuroimmune synaptic plasticity and precision intervention in pediatric neurodevelopmental disorders.

Frontiers in aging neuroscience·2026

AI-enhanced framework for optimizing CRISPR-Cas gene editing in crop biotechnology addressing regulatory challenges and opportunities in global agricultural practices.

Frontiers in plant science·2026

Clinical characteristics and cytokine profiles for early prediction of severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children: a prospective cohort study.

Frontiers in pediatrics·2026

See all related articles