Uveitis Associated with Protein Kinase Inhibitors in Cancer Patients: A Risk-Based Ophthalmologic Management

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Oncology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) are increasingly used in cancer therapy.
• Uveitis is a potential ocular side effect associated with certain PKIs.
• Ophthalmologic monitoring and management strategies for PKI-induced uveitis require clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review literature on uveitis associated with PKIs in cancer patients.
• To summarize clinical presentations and therapeutic strategies for PKI-induced uveitis.
• To propose a framework for ophthalmologic monitoring and management based on risk.

Main Methods:

• Identified FDA-approved PKIs.
• Conducted a comprehensive literature search (MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus) for PKI-associated uveitis.
• Extracted and analyzed clinical data from case reports, case series, and observational studies.

Main Results:

• Uveitis reported with 18 of 71 FDA-approved PKIs; vemurafenib most frequent.
• Onset varied from days to over 12 months; anterior uveitis most common phenotype.
• Treatment involved corticosteroids and PKI discontinuation; visual outcomes varied.

Conclusions:

• PKI-associated uveitis, though uncommon, can lead to significant visual morbidity.
• Early diagnosis and interdisciplinary management are essential for optimal outcomes.
• A risk-adapted surveillance protocol and subtype-specific therapies may improve visual prognosis and allow continued oncologic treatment.