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Reduced Mortality in COVID-19 Patients Treated With Inhaled Extracellular Vesicles Expressing CD24.

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Journal of Extracellular Vesicles
|March 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Inhaled EXO-CD24 therapy significantly improved survival and quality of life for COVID-19 patients up to 4.6 years. This suggests long-term benefits for severe inflammatory conditions.

Keywords:
CD24COVID‐19cytokine stormexosomesimmunomodulationlong‐covid

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pulmonology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Severe COVID-19 can cause hyperinflammation and lung injury.
  • EXO-CD24, an inhaled extracellular vesicle therapy, has anti-inflammatory properties.
  • Long-term survival data for EXO-CD24 in COVID-19 patients was previously unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the long-term survival and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in COVID-19 patients treated with EXO-CD24.
  • To compare mortality rates between EXO-CD24 treated patients and matched controls receiving standard care.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study followed 35 COVID-19 patients treated with inhaled EXO-CD24 and 105 matched controls for up to 4.6 years.
  • All-cause mortality and HRQoL in survivors were assessed.
  • A 1:3 ratio of treatment to control patients was used.

Main Results:

  • No deaths occurred in the EXO-CD24 group (0/35) compared to 14 deaths (13.3%) in the control group (p < 0.05).
  • Survival benefits were observed from the first month and persisted throughout the follow-up period.
  • EXO-CD24 patients reported significantly better HRQoL, including well-being, physical function, and mobility.

Conclusions:

  • Repeated EXO-CD24 inhalations are linked to improved survival and HRQoL up to 4.6 years post-treatment.
  • These findings indicate durable benefits of EXO-CD24 therapy.
  • Further research into EXO-CD24 as an immunomodulatory treatment for severe inflammatory conditions is warranted.