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Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

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Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.

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An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...

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Utilizing Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Improve Language Function in Stroke Patients with Chronic Non-fluent Aphasia

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Cortical Network Disruption and Transcriptional Profiles in Poststroke Aphasia: A Functional Connectivity Gradient

Li Wang¹, Jia Yang², Rubin Yan³

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Imaging, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.

The European Journal of Neuroscience

|March 13, 2026

Summary

Poststroke aphasia in older adults disrupts brain network hierarchy, linked to molecular changes. Understanding these neural and genetic factors is key for improving language recovery and rehabilitation.

Keywords:

functional connectivity gradient gene expression poststroke aphasia

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Genetics
Neurology

Background:

Poststroke aphasia severely affects older adults' quality of life.
Neural mechanisms linking brain network organization and molecular changes in aphasia are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate alterations in the principal functional connectivity gradient and their transcriptomic underpinnings in older adults with poststroke aphasia.
To explore the relationship between brain network hierarchy disruptions and language deficits.

Main Methods:

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion map embedding were used to analyze functional connectivity gradients in 27 patients with aphasia and 29 controls.
Partial least squares regression and machine learning models were employed to correlate gradient changes with gene expression and predict language performance.

Main Results:

Patients with aphasia showed a compressed functional connectivity gradient, with reduced differentiation in unimodal networks and disordered integration in multimodal networks.
Gradient alterations correlated significantly with language deficits.
Gene expression profiles related to synaptic transmission and calcium ion binding were associated with observed gradient changes.

Conclusions:

Poststroke aphasia involves a disruption of the cortical functional hierarchy, influenced by molecular architecture.
These findings offer insights into neurobiological mechanisms of language recovery and potential targets for precision rehabilitation in aging populations.