Virtual Anatomic Atlas for Posterior Fossa Approaches and Creating Patient-Specific Surgical 3D Models.

Area of Science:

• Neurosurgery
• Medical Education
• Anatomy

Background:

• Posterior fossa anatomy is complex, requiring detailed 3D understanding for surgical intervention.
• Traditional 2D materials and cadaver dissections have limitations in teaching intricate neurovascular structures.
• Three-dimensional (3D) modeling via photogrammetry offers an advanced solution for visuospatial learning.

Purpose of the Study:

• To create realistic 3D models of the posterior fossa's suboccipital musculature and neurovascular anatomy using photogrammetry.
• To develop supplementary educational tools for neurosurgical training, including middle fossa dissections for cranial nerve pathways.
• To generate patient-specific 3D models for preoperative planning of posterior fossa approaches.

Main Methods:

• Dissection of five silicone-injected cadaveric head specimens under surgical microscopy.
• Photogrammetric capture of multiple-angle photographs to generate 3D models.
• Processing models using Scaniverse, uploading to Sketchfab, and labeling for AR/VR viewing.

Main Results:

• Creation of sixteen detailed 3D models showcasing suboccipital muscles, neurovascular structures, and cranial nerves.
• Enhanced visualization and spatial comprehension of complex anatomical relationships.
• Development of interactive learning resources accessible via multiple devices.

Conclusions:

• 3D models effectively enhance spatial understanding of posterior fossa neurovascular anatomy and cranial nerve routes.
• These models serve as a valuable supplement to traditional cadaver dissections in neurosurgical training.
• The study highlights the potential of photogrammetry in advancing anatomical education for surgeons.