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Approach to the patient with severe hyperthyroidism-related complications.
Georgios Kostopoulos1, Grigoris Effraimidis2,3
1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|March 13, 2026
Summary
Hyperthyroidism can cause serious complications like atrial fibrillation, thyrotoxic periodic paralysis, and thyroid storm. Early diagnosis and individualized treatment are crucial for managing these severe endocrine disorders.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Internal Medicine
Background:
- Hyperthyroidism is a common endocrine disorder.
- It can lead to severe multisystem complications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of hyperthyroidism complications.
- To illustrate these complications using clinical cases.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on atrial fibrillation (AF), thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP), and thyroid storm (TS).
- Analysis of clinical case presentations.
Main Results:
- AF is a common cardiovascular complication managed by restoring euthyroidism and rate control.
- TPP involves hypokalemia-induced muscle weakness, requiring potassium management and hyperthyroidism control.
- Thyroid storm is a critical emergency needing prompt multimodal therapy.
Conclusions:
- Early recognition and tailored management are key to treating severe hyperthyroidism complications.
- Effective treatment strategies for AF, TPP, and TS are essential for patient outcomes.
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