Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Taxus cuspidata Seed Oil on CCl₄-Induced Hepatic Fibrosis in Mice

This study aimed to investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of Taxus cuspidata seed oil (TCSO) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice. A mouse model of hepatic fibrosis was established by CCl₄ induction, and the model mice were subsequently treated orally with high dose or low dose TCSO for eight weeks. The degree of liver fibrosis and the mechanism of action were assessed through organ indices, serum biochemical markers, oxidative stress levels, histopathological examination, and molecular biological analyses. The results demonstrated that TCSO significantly reduced serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Concurrently, it decreased the concentrations of liver fibrosis markers, including procollagen III (PC III), collagen IV (IV-C), hyaluronic acid (HA), and laminin (LN), and reduced hepatic collagen deposition. Furthermore, TCSO enhanced the activities of the antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) while inhibiting the production of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA), and it ameliorated histopathological alterations in liver tissue. Additionally, TCSO markedly downregulated the expression of key fibrogenic proteins, such as transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), thereby effectively suppressing the progression of hepatic fibrosis. In conclusion, TCSO ameliorates hepatic fibrosis in mice by reducing hepatotoxic enzyme activity and collagen deposition, enhancing antioxidant capacity, and downregulating the expression of fibrosis-related proteins.