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Protective Factors Against Violence and Substance Use in Adolescents: A Latent Class Analysis
Nicholas Szoko1, Patrece Joseph2, Casey D Hanner3
1Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
Summary
Substance use and violence often co-occur in adolescents, increasing mortality risks. Protective factors like social support can reduce the likelihood of engaging in these harmful behaviors.
Area of Science:
- Adolescent Health
- Public Health
- Behavioral Science
Background:
- Substance use (SU) and violence are major contributors to adolescent mortality.
- Identifying shared protective factors is critical for prevention strategies.
- Understanding typologies of SU and violence can inform targeted interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize adolescent substance use and violence typologies.
- To examine the associations between protective factors and these typologies.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional surveys from 17 high schools involving 3,641 adolescents.
- Assessment of individual, interpersonal, and environmental protective factors.
- Latent class analysis to identify risk profiles and multinomial regression to assess associations.
Main Results:
- Five distinct adolescent groupings emerged based on SU and violence levels.
- High rates of fighting, marijuana use, and vaping were observed.
- High social support was linked to lower odds of membership in higher-risk categories, while future orientation was associated with reduced odds of sexual violence and SU.
Conclusions:
- Adolescent substance use frequently co-occurs with multiple forms of violence.
- Interventions should address compounding exposures in at-risk youth.
- Protective factors like social support and future orientation play a significant role in mitigating these risks.
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