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Neuronavigation and Laparoscopy Guided Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Insertion for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus
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Ventriculosubgaleal shunt for post-infectious hydrocephalus in pediatric patients: a systematic review

Pedro Lucas Campos1, Kaike Lobo2, Cláudia Santos3

  • 1Department of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. pedrolucasiozzo@gmail.com.

Child'S Nervous System : Chns : Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery
|March 13, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Ventriculosubgaleal shunting (VSGS) offers temporary cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion for pediatric post-infectious hydrocephalus (PIH). This review highlights variable conversion rates to ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPS) and significant mortality, underscoring the need for more research.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurosurgery
  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Ventriculosubgaleal shunting (VSGS) is a temporary cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion method used in pediatric post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus.
  • The efficacy and safety of VSGS in pediatric post-infectious hydrocephalus (PIH) are not well-established.
  • Understanding VSGS's role in PIH is crucial for optimizing treatment strategies in pediatric neurosurgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the current evidence on the use of Ventriculosubgaleal shunting (VSGS) for treating pediatric post-infectious hydrocephalus (PIH).
  • To evaluate key outcomes including conversion to Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) and patient mortality.
  • To identify secondary outcomes such as CSF leakage, shunt blockage, and need for revision.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases.
  • Studies involving pediatric patients with PIH treated with VSGS were included.
  • Data analysis focused on conversion to VPS, mortality, CSF leakage, shunt blockage, and revision rates, using R statistical software for summarization.

Main Results:

  • Seven studies, including six case series with 266 pediatric patients, were analyzed.
  • Conversion rates to VPS ranged widely from 50% to 100%, with mortality rates between 0% and 44.4%.
  • Secondary outcomes reported include 10.2% revisions, 5.3% shunt obstructions, and 10.5% CSF leakage.

Conclusions:

  • This systematic review is the first to specifically examine VSGS in pediatric PIH patients.
  • Significant heterogeneity in outcomes, particularly conversion to VPS and mortality, was observed.
  • The lack of comparative studies necessitates further research to clarify the role and effectiveness of VSGS in PIH management.

Keywords:
PediatricsPost-infectious hydrocephalusVentriculosubgaleal shunting

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