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Immune Niches in Cancer.

Nadine Slingerland, Eline Runderkamp, Daniela S Thommen1

  • 1Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;

Annual Review of Immunology
|March 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The spatial organization of immune cells within tumors, forming specialized immune niches, significantly impacts cancer immunity and treatment response. Understanding these niches offers new therapeutic strategies for cancer immunotherapy.

Keywords:
T cell exhaustioncancer immunotherapyimmunosuppressionspatial biologytertiary lymphoid structurestumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • The tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in regulating cancer immunity.
  • Immune cell presence alone is less predictive of clinical outcome than their spatial organization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how spatial compartmentalization of immune cells within tumors influences immune function.
  • To explore the role of immune niches in cancer immunity and immunotherapy response.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on immune cell organization within tumors.
  • Integration of knowledge on established and emerging immune niches.
  • Analysis of factors shaping immune niches, including cell diversity, density, and structure.

Main Results:

  • Spatial arrangement of immune cells in niches is more predictive of clinical outcome and immunotherapy response than simple infiltration.
  • Immune niches modulate immune function through cellular interactions, signaling cascades, and protective environments.
  • Niche complexity is shaped by cell diversity, density, and structural organization.

Conclusions:

  • Immune cell spatial organization within the tumor microenvironment is crucial for cancer immunity.
  • Targeting or modulating immune niches presents promising therapeutic opportunities for cancer treatment.