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Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

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Responses to Salt Stress

Responses to Salt Stress

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C4 Pathway and CAM

C4 Pathway and CAM

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C4 Pathway
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Regulation of Transpiration by Stomata

Regulation of Transpiration by Stomata

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Other Stress Responses in Bacteria

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

A New Approach for the Comparative Analysis of Multiprotein Complexes Based on 15N Metabolic Labeling and Quantitative Mass Spectrometry

A New Approach for the Comparative Analysis of Multiprotein Complexes Based on 15N Metabolic Labeling and Quantitative Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 13, 2014

Lipocalins regulate development and various stress responses in Physcomitrium patens.

Shuanghua Wang¹, Jianchao Ma², Qia Wang¹

¹Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.

|March 13, 2026

Summary

Lipocalins in moss regulate plant development and stress responses. This study identifies a new lipocalin group in seedless plants and highlights the conserved function of temperature-induced lipocalin (PpTIL) in land-plant evolution.

Keywords:

CP: plants abiotic stresses adaptation bryophytes chloroplasts lipid metabolism plant evolution seedless-plant-specific lipocalins singlet oxygen three-dimensional growth

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Last Updated: Mar 15, 2026

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Area of Science:

Plant Biology
Evolutionary Biology
Molecular Genetics

Background:

Understanding the genetic basis of plant adaptation is crucial for plant evolution.
Lipocalins are a diverse protein family with known roles in various biological processes.
Their specific functions in early land plants and evolution are not fully elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of lipocalins in the moss Physcomitrium patens.
To explore the evolutionary history and functional conservation of plant lipocalins.
To understand the specific functions of the temperature-induced lipocalin (PpTIL) in moss development and stress response.

Main Methods:

Phylogenetic analysis of plant lipocalin genes.
Functional characterization of the PpTIL gene in Physcomitrium patens.
Assessing PpTIL's role in protonemal development, growth transitions, and stress tolerance.

Main Results:

Identified three major groups of plant lipocalins, including a novel group in seedless plants.
Demonstrated functional conservation of PpTIL with flowering plant homologs under abiotic stress.
PpTIL regulates protonemal development, growth transitions, lipid metabolism, auxin pathways, chlorophyll breakdown, and singlet oxygen stress response.

Conclusions:

Lipocalins play a significant role in regulating diverse physiological and developmental processes in land plants.
PpTIL is a key regulator involved in growth, metabolism, and stress protection, with conserved functions across plant evolution.
These findings offer critical insights into the evolutionary significance of lipocalins in plant adaptation.