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Histogram-free single-photon avalanche diode array imaging in dense scattering media via spatiotemporal multi-head
Optics Letters
|March 13, 2026
Summary
This study introduces a novel histogram-free method for single-photon imaging in scattering media. It leverages raw photon sequences and LSTM models to improve imaging performance by preserving temporal information.
Area of Science:
- Optics and Photonics
- Computer Vision
- Machine Learning
Background:
- Single-photon imaging is effective in scattering media but current methods using photon count histograms neglect spatio-temporal correlations.
- Scattering effects amplify these limitations by diffusing signal information across pixels.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a histogram-free single-photon array sensing method that captures global spatio-temporal correlations.
- To improve imaging performance in dense scattering environments.
Main Methods:
- Proposed a histogram-free SPAD (Single-Photon Avalanche Diode) array sensing method.
- Developed a multi-head LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) sequence model with dual-task training for classification and depth regression.
Main Results:
- The histogram-free approach outperformed complex baselines in scattering environments.
- Preservation of temporal information led to enhanced imaging performance.
- The method demonstrated efficient deployment capabilities in resource-constrained systems.
Conclusions:
- The proposed histogram-free method effectively captures spatio-temporal correlations missed by traditional histogram-based techniques.
- This approach offers a significant advancement for single-photon imaging in challenging scattering conditions.
- The lightweight LSTM model facilitates practical applications in various systems.
