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Related Concept Videos

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
Assessing Body Temperature - Oral01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Oral

Here are the steps to accurately measure oral temperature using an electronic thermometer:
Step 1:
Start by practicing proper hand hygiene to prevent the spread of microorganisms.
Step 2:
Take the thermometer out of the charging unit, switch it on, and wait for the ready sign.
Step 3:
Gently slide the probe cover until a click is heard. This simple action prevents cross-contamination and ensures the correct placement of the probe cover.
Step 4:
Instruct the patient to open their mouth and place...
Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal01:27

Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal

Rectal temperature measurement is considered the most precise method for assessing core body temperature and typically registers higher than oral temperature. For adults, the rectal thermometer should be inserted 1 to 1.5 inches into the rectum to obtain the most accurate reading.
Follow these steps for rectal temperature assessment:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don clean gloves to prevent cross-infection.
Step 2: Position the patient in a side-lying position to better visualize the rectal...
Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.  
Step 3: Assess the patient's forehead...
Absorption of Radiation01:05

Absorption of Radiation

The rate of heat transfer by emitted radiation is described by the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

High-speed Continuous-wave Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Spectrometer for Material Analysis
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Single-shot picosecond pump coherent Rayleigh scattering thermometry.

William C B Senior, Daniel R Richardson

    Optics Letters
    |March 13, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary

    A novel single-shot coherent Rayleigh scattering (CRS) technique achieves measurements in under 10 nanoseconds. This advanced diagnostic tool offers high precision for complex flow environments.

    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Spectroscopy
    • Fluid Dynamics

    Background:

    • Coherent Rayleigh scattering (CRS) experiments traditionally face challenges with shot-to-shot variations due to unseeded nanosecond pump pulses.
    • Developing faster, more repeatable diagnostic techniques is crucial for analyzing complex and dynamic environments.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a single-shot coherent Rayleigh scattering (CRS) technique with measurement times under 10 nanoseconds.
    • To improve the repeatability and accuracy of CRS measurements compared to previous methods.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a mode-locked picosecond pump laser for repeatable electrostrictive forcing.
    • Employed a virtually imaged phased array to disperse the CRS signal onto an EMCCD sensor.
    • Applied a least-squares fitting routine to compare experimental spectra with an existing kinetic model.

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    Main Results:

    • Achieved measurement times less than 10 nanoseconds.
    • Demonstrated quantitative measurements at ambient and low-pressure (2 Torr), low-temperature (100 K) conditions.
    • Reported single-shot statistics with precision and accuracy within 4% at ambient conditions and 8% at low density/temperature.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed single-shot CRS technique provides rapid and repeatable measurements.
    • This diagnostic tool shows significant potential for multi-parameter measurements in challenging environments like high-speed aerodynamic facilities.