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Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
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Consonant perception and error patterns in children and adults with cochlear implants.

Kelly N Jahn1,2, Mishaela DiNino3,4, Swarali Joshi1,2

  • 1Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
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PubMed
Summary

Hearing history significantly impacts consonant perception in cochlear implant (CI) users. Early implantation and longer auditory experience improve scores, especially for child-implanted individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Speech Perception
  • Cochlear Implantation

Background:

  • Understanding the influence of hearing history on speech perception is crucial for optimizing cochlear implant (CI) outcomes.
  • Previous research highlights the benefits of early intervention but requires further investigation into specific phoneme perception patterns.
  • Normal hearing (NH) listeners exposed to spectrally degraded (vocoded) stimuli provide a baseline for comparison with CI users.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of hearing history on consonant perception scores and confusion patterns in early implanted youth and post-lingually implanted adults.
  • To compare speech perception abilities between child-implanted, adult-implanted, and normal hearing (vocoded) participants.
  • To identify phoneme-specific errors that could inform personalized intervention strategies for cochlear implant users.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed consonant perception scores and confusion patterns in three groups: early implanted youth, post-lingually implanted adults, and normal hearing participants listening to vocoded stimuli.
  • Analyzed the correlation between auditory experience, duration of deafness, and consonant perception.
  • Examined specific phoneme error patterns, particularly for the voiceless fricative /θ/.

Main Results:

  • Consonant perception improved with chronological age in normal hearing children.
  • For cochlear implant (CI) users, greater auditory experience and shorter deafness durations were linked to better consonant perception, particularly in child-implanted listeners.
  • Child-implanted individuals exhibited significantly more errors in identifying /θ/ compared to adult-implanted listeners.

Conclusions:

  • Early cochlear implantation and extended auditory experience are beneficial for consonant perception, with child-implanted users showing particular sensitivity to certain phonemes like /θ/.
  • Individual phoneme error patterns can guide personalized interventions, potentially focusing on improving access to formant transitions or high-frequency information for child-implanted users.
  • Delayed intervention may negatively impact speech perception outcomes more severely for prelingually deafened individuals than for post-lingually deafened individuals.