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Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Fabrication of Tongue Extracellular Matrix and Reconstitution of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vitro
Published on: June 20, 2018
Stroma AReactive invasion Front Areas (SARIFA) in early-stage oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Alhadi Almangush1, Muhammad Faisal2, Caj Haglund3
1Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Libyan Authority for Scientific Research, Tripoli, Libya.
Background:
Stroma AReactive Invasion Front Areas (SARIFA) has recently been introduced as a prognostic indicator. The prognostic value of SARIFA has not been studied in early-stage oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC).
Material And Methods:
A total of 287 cases of early-stage OTSCC were included in this multicenter study. SARIFA was defined as direct contact between tumor cells and the adipose tissue, and was assessed in hematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained sections.
Results:
In early-stage OTSCC, SARIFA-positive tumors were associated with worse disease-specific survival with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.86 (95% CI 1.06-3.28, P = 0.032), overall survival (HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.06-2.19, P = 0.023) and disease-free survival (HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.09-2.93, P = 0.021).
Conclusions:
SARIFA is a histomorphology-based prognosticator, that can identify cases with early-stage OTSCC who might benefit from a multimodality treatment protocol.
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