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Optimization and multivariate analysis of Schiff Base functionalized gold nanoparticle sensor for efficient
Syeda Bushra Anwar1, Sana Yaqoob2, Sufian Rasheed3
1Department of Chemistry, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Sciences and Technology, Karachi 75300, Pakistan.
Food Chemistry
|March 13, 2026
Summary
A new sensor using gold nanoparticles functionalized with SBTSC, derived from estrone, can detect the pesticide bifenthrin. This colorimetric and LSPR sensor offers a rapid, cost-effective method for monitoring bifenthrin in food and environmental samples.
Area of Science:
- Chemical Sensing
- Nanotechnology
- Environmental Science
Background:
- Bifenthrin poses significant risks to human health and the environment.
- Effective detection methods are crucial for monitoring bifenthrin levels in agriculture.
- Existing detection techniques may lack sensitivity or cost-effectiveness.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a novel, highly sensitive, and selective sensor for bifenthrin detection.
- To synthesize and characterize a new ligand, (E)-2-((13S)-3-hydroxy-13-methyl-7,8,9,11,12,13,15,16-octahydro-6H-cyclopenta [a] phenanthren-17(14H) ylidene) thiosemicarbazide (SBTSC), from estrone.
- To create a functionalized gold nanoparticle (AuNP) probe for colorimetric and LSPR-based bifenthrin sensing.
Main Methods:
- Synthesis of SBTSC ligand from estrone.
- Functionalization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with SBTSC using the Turkevich approach.
- Development of a colorimetric and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensor for bifenthrin.
- Optimization of sensing parameters including pH, temperature, and ligand concentration via multivariate analysis.
- Validation of the sensor using real-world fruit and vegetable samples.
Main Results:
- The SBTSC-AuNPs probe showed a distinct color change from ruby red to purple upon bifenthrin detection.
- A linear detection range of 20-70 μM was established for bifenthrin.
- The sensor exhibited high sensitivity with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 5.7 μM and a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.7 μM.
- High recovery rates were achieved in the quantitative detection of bifenthrin in food samples.
- Multivariate analysis confirmed sensor stability and optimized performance.
Conclusions:
- The SBTSC-AuNPs probe is a rapid, cost-effective, and reliable sensor for bifenthrin.
- This sensor technology shows significant promise for food safety and environmental monitoring applications.
- The developed method offers an effective solution for detecting harmful bifenthrin residues.
