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Related Concept Videos

Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

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Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Separation of Uranium and Thorium for 230Th-U Dating of Submarine Hydrothermal Sulfides
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Chlorination-driven phase control for selective REE-Fe separation from NdFeB waste.

Xuheng Liu1, Ziming Cao1, Zhongwei Zhao1

  • 1School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Metallurgy and Material Processing of Rare Metals, Changsha, 410083, China.

Journal of Environmental Management
|March 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recycling rare-earth elements (REEs) from NdFeB waste is crucial. A new ZnCl2-assisted chlorination method efficiently separates REEs from iron, achieving high recovery rates and minimizing waste.

Keywords:
Chlorination roastingRare earth elementsSelective REEs-Fe separationThermodynamics and kineticsWaste NdFeB

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Metallurgy

Background:

  • Growing demand for rare-earth elements (REEs) in advanced technologies necessitates efficient recycling solutions.
  • Current recycling methods for NdFeB magnets face challenges in separating REEs from iron, leading to significant waste generation.
  • Geopolitical concentration of primary REE production highlights the importance of sustainable recycling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, waste-minimizing process for recovering REEs from NdFeB waste.
  • To selectively separate REEs from iron-rich phases using a ZnCl2-assisted chlorination strategy.
  • To optimize process parameters for high REE recovery and low iron dissolution.

Main Methods:

  • A ZnCl2-assisted chlorination strategy was employed to treat NdFeB waste.
  • Thermodynamic analysis was conducted to understand phase evolution under different atmospheric and temperature conditions.
  • Experimental validation involved controlled heating in air at 700°C, followed by acid leaching.
  • Kinetic analysis using the Avrami-Erofeev model elucidated the reaction mechanism.

Main Results:

  • Optimized conditions (air, 700°C) yielded high REE recoveries: 99.31% Nd, 93.85% Dy, and 98.82% Pr.
  • Iron dissolution was significantly suppressed, limited to 2.30%.
  • The process selectively converted Nd to acid-soluble NdOCl while stabilizing iron as insoluble oxides.
  • Deviations from optimal conditions (inert atmosphere, ≥800°C) led to increased iron dissolution or formation of undesirable NdFeO3.

Conclusions:

  • The ZnCl2-assisted chlorination offers a highly selective and efficient method for REE recovery from NdFeB waste.
  • This approach significantly reduces co-dissolution of iron, overcoming a major limitation of conventional methods.
  • The study demonstrates a scalable and reagent-efficient pathway for closing the REE supply loop.