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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Nanomaterials
  • Nonlinear Optics

Background:

  • Efficient mid-infrared (MIR) frequency upconversion is crucial for advanced optical applications.
  • Existing methods face limitations due to phase-matching and low nonlinear coefficients in optical materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate phase-matching-free, broadband, and efficient multiphoton frequency upconversion.
  • To explore the potential of NbOI₂ as a material for MIR nanophotonics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized niobium oxyiodide (NbOI₂) for nonlinear frequency upconversion.
  • Investigated nonlinear frequency mixing across a broad spectral window (1500-5000 nm).
  • Demonstrated broadband MIR upconversion imaging using a silicon camera.

Main Results:

  • Observed harmonic generation from 2nd to 11th order, spanning MIR to ultraviolet.
  • Achieved nonlinear frequency mixing efficiencies up to 6×10⁻⁴ W⁻¹, outperforming metasurfaces.
  • Successfully demonstrated direct MIR upconversion imaging.

Conclusions:

  • NbOI₂ enables efficient, phase-matching-free, broadband MIR upconversion.
  • Established NbOI₂ as a promising platform for MIR nanophotonics.
  • Highlights potential for advanced ultrabroadband imaging, sensing, and spectral conversion.