Ozonated Water Modulates Cell Proliferation and Vascular Density in Solid Ehrlich Tumor of Mice

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Experimental Therapeutics
• Biomedical Research

Background:

• The solid Ehrlich tumor (SET) model mimics mammary adenocarcinoma in mice, serving as a key tool for cancer research.
• Ozone therapy is an emerging approach in human and veterinary medicine, requiring further investigation into its mechanisms and applications.
• This study investigates the effects of ozonated water on tumor physiology within the SET model.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the impact of ozonated water on vascularization and tumor cell proliferation in the solid Ehrlich tumor (SET) model.
• To assess the influence of different ozonated water concentrations, administration routes, and application frequencies on tumor characteristics.
• To determine the short-term and long-term effects of ozonated water treatment on tumor growth and vascular density.

Main Methods:

• Ninety-nine mice with solid Ehrlich tumors were divided into four groups: two ozonated water concentrations (5 ppm and 8 ppm), a saline control, and a negative control.
• Subgroups were defined by administration route (intratumoral or peritumoral), number of applications (one or two), and observation times (24 hours, 5 days, 30 days).
• Immunohistochemistry using anti-CD31 and anti-Ki-67 antibodies was employed to quantify vascular density and cell proliferation in peri- and intratumoral regions.

Main Results:

• Ozonated water treatment led to increased CD31 expression (vascular marker) at 30 days, especially with multiple intratumoral or any peritumoral applications.
• Ki-67 expression (proliferation marker) decreased at five days in treated groups compared to controls, indicating reduced cell proliferation.
• A positive correlation was found between CD31 staining in both peri- and intratumoral areas.

Conclusions:

• Ozonated water demonstrated an antineoplastic effect by reducing tumor cell proliferation in the medium term (5 days).
• Long-term treatment discontinuation resulted in increased vascular density, suggesting a potential tumor-promoting effect.
• Findings indicate that ozone therapy's oncological application requires careful consideration, as it may exhibit dual effects depending on treatment parameters.