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Related Experiment Video

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Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies
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Current Advances in Proton FLASH Radiotherapy in Abdominal Cancers.

Xiao Wang1, Yin Zhang1, Xinxin Zhang1

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.

Cancers
|March 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Proton FLASH radiotherapy shows promise for abdominal cancers by delivering ultra-high dose rates (UHDR) to spare normal tissues. Further research is needed to overcome challenges for successful clinical translation.

Keywords:
Bragg peakabdominal cancergastrointestinal toxicityliver cancerproton FLASH radiotherapyproton therapyultra-high-dose-rate

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Medical Physics
  • Radiotherapy

Background:

  • Proton FLASH radiotherapy uses ultra-high dose rates (UHDR) to potentially improve cancer treatment by sparing normal tissues.
  • Abdominal cancers pose treatment challenges due to the radiosensitivity of nearby organs, limiting dose escalation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in proton FLASH radiotherapy for abdominal cancers.
  • To outline challenges and future directions for clinical translation of this technology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of published studies on proton FLASH radiotherapy.
  • Focus on preclinical, planning, and technical developments in abdominal applications.

Main Results:

  • Preclinical studies show encouraging but inconsistent evidence of reduced toxicity with proton FLASH.
  • Treatment planning demonstrates technical feasibility for UHDR delivery in complex abdominal geometries.
  • Key challenges include biological response variability, undefined dose-rate standards, delivery constraints, and limited clinical data.

Conclusions:

  • Proton FLASH radiotherapy holds potential for safer hypofractionation, reirradiation, and dose escalation in abdominal cancer treatment.
  • Clinical translation requires coordinated progress in biology, physics, and technology, alongside robust validation and trials.