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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Updated: Mar 15, 2026

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Noncoding RNAs in Pediatric Solid Tumors: Advances in Understanding and Critical Knowledge Gaps.

Graham Duff1, Christine Mella2, Alexa Amato-Loudon2,3

  • 1Department of Biology, The University of Akron, 302 Buchtel Common, Akron, OH 44325, USA.

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Summary

Pediatric solid tumors arise from developmental issues, not environmental factors. Research into non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) like miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs offers new biomarker and therapeutic potential for these challenging childhood cancers.

Keywords:
cancerdrug resistanceepigeneticsnon-coding RNApediatricssolid tumors

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Pediatric cancers stem from developmental dysregulation, differing from adult cancers.
  • While survival rates have improved for some pediatric cancers, many require novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Understanding the unique genetic and epigenetic landscape of pediatric tumors is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in pediatric solid tumors.
  • To explore the potential of ncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutics.
  • To identify knowledge gaps in ncRNA research for improving pediatric cancer outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current knowledge on ncRNAs in pediatric solid tumors.
  • Examination of microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs).
  • Discussion of potential clinical applications and future research directions.

Main Results:

  • ncRNAs play significant roles in the epigenetic regulation of pediatric cancers.
  • Specific ncRNAs are implicated in tumor onset, progression, and response to therapy.
  • ncRNAs show promise as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Conclusions:

  • ncRNAs represent a critical area for future research in pediatric oncology.
  • Targeting ncRNAs may offer novel therapeutic avenues for improving patient outcomes.
  • Further investigation into ncRNA mechanisms and clinical utility is warranted.