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Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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Temporal Bone Fractures on High-Resolution CT: Bridging Radiologic Detail with Otologic Anatomy and Surgical

Osama M K Edris1, Abdulgaffar Bashir Adam2, Emad Ali Albadawi3

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11115, Sudan.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) reveals temporal bone fracture patterns in Sudanese patients. Over a quarter of fractures violated the otic capsule, correlating with hearing loss and facial nerve palsy.

Keywords:
craniofacial fractureshigh-resolution computed tomographyotologic traumatemporal bone fractures

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Radiology
  • Trauma Surgery
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Temporal bone fractures (TBF) are complex injuries requiring detailed characterization.
  • High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is crucial for identifying fracture patterns and associated injuries.
  • Understanding fracture patterns aids in predicting outcomes and guiding management, especially in resource-limited settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize HRCT fracture patterns (orientation, otic capsule status) in Sudanese patients with acute temporal bone trauma.
  • To quantify concomitant craniofacial fractures, audiologic outcomes, and facial nerve dysfunction.
  • To explore associations between fracture patterns and clinical outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cross-sectional study of 45 patients with HRCT-confirmed TBF within 7 days of injury.
  • Independent blinded expert classification of fracture orientation (longitudinal, transverse, mixed/oblique) and otic capsule status (sparing vs. violating).
  • Assessment of audiologic outcomes and facial nerve function using pure-tone audiometry and House-Brackmann grading.

Main Results:

  • Longitudinal fractures predominated (60%), but 27% violated the otic capsule (OCV).
  • Transverse/mixed fractures were associated with complex craniofacial injuries (Lefort II-III).
  • High prevalence of hearing loss (80% total: 69% conductive) and facial nerve palsy (58%) was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Fracture patterns, particularly otic capsule violation and transverse/mixed planes, are linked to worse audiologic and neurological outcomes.
  • HRCT reliably characterizes TBF, informing comprehensive trauma protocols.
  • Improved road safety and multidisciplinary care are essential to reduce neuro-otologic morbidity in underserved populations.