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Self-Driven Flow Characteristic of Magnetic Nanofluids Under the Magnetic Field
Jiale Mi1, Qiang Yang2,3, Yijun Fu2,3
1School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China.
Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 14, 2026
Summary
This study shows that magnetic field strength, nanofluid concentration, and temperature differences enhance self-driven flow and heat transfer in magnetic nanofluids. Pipeline length, however, decreases flow velocity.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Fluid Dynamics
- Heat Transfer
Background:
- Magnetic nanofluids offer expanding practical applications.
- Understanding their flow and heat transfer is crucial for utilizing their properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To experimentally investigate the self-driven flow and heat transfer of water-based Fe3O4 magnetic nanofluids.
- To analyze the influence of magnetic field strength, concentration, temperature difference, and pipeline length on fluid dynamics and thermal performance.
Main Methods:
- Synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles via co-precipitation.
- Preparation of stable magnetic nanofluids with varying concentrations (0.025-0.150 wt%) using sodium citrate.
- Experimental setup in a closed-loop system with heating/cooling branches under a uniform magnetic field.
Main Results:
- Circulation flow velocity increases with magnetic field strength, nanofluid concentration, and temperature difference.
- Flow velocity decreases with increased pipeline length.
- Heat transfer coefficient significantly improves with higher circulation flow velocity.
Conclusions:
- The thermomagnetic effect is primarily influenced by magnetic field strength, followed by pipeline length, temperature difference, and nanofluid concentration.
- Optimizing these parameters can enhance the efficiency of magnetic nanofluids in closed-loop systems.
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