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Reporter Genes

Reporter Genes

Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Construction of Cell-based Neurotransmitter Fluorescent Engineered Reporters CNiFERs for Optical Detection of Neurotransmitters In Vivo

Construction of Cell-based Neurotransmitter Fluorescent Engineered Reporters CNiFERs for Optical Detection of Neurotransmitters In Vivo

Published on: May 12, 2016

Genetically Encoded CB₂R-Based Fluorescent Sensor Enables Rapid Screening and Functional Assessment of Cannabinoid

Pinaki Bhattacharjee¹, Paul D Volesky¹, Samay Shivshankar¹

¹Section on Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|March 14, 2026

Summary

Researchers developed GRAB-CB2, a novel sensor for cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) signaling. This tool aids in evaluating therapeutic cannabinoid ligands for various diseases.

Keywords:

CB1R CB2R GRAB-CB2 agonist allosteric antagonist endocannabinoid system

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Published on: February 20, 2018

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Last Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Construction of Cell-based Neurotransmitter Fluorescent Engineered Reporters CNiFERs for Optical Detection of Neurotransmitters In Vivo

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Published on: May 12, 2016

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A Kinetic Fluorescence-based Ca2+ Mobilization Assay to Identify G Protein-coupled Receptor Agonists, Antagonists, and Allosteric Modulators

Published on: February 20, 2018

Area of Science:

Pharmacology
Neuroscience
Molecular Biology

Background:

Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) is a G-protein-coupled receptor crucial in mammalian physiology and pathophysiology.
CB2R signaling is a therapeutic target for inflammatory, neurodegenerative, fibroproliferative, and ocular diseases.
Existing CB2R ligands include endocannabinoids, natural products, and synthetic compounds, with many in clinical trials.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a genetically encoded, GPCR activation-based sensor for CB2R.
To create a tool for evaluating the pharmacological profiles of CB2R ligands.

Main Methods:

Extension of the previously developed GRAB sensor technology for CB1R.
Engineering of a novel sensor, termed GRAB-CB2, for CB2R activation.

Main Results:

Successful development of the GRAB-CB2 sensor.
The sensor enables the assessment of pharmacological characteristics and responses to various cannabinoid ligands acting on CB2R.

Conclusions:

GRAB-CB2 is a valuable new tool for studying CB2R pharmacology.
This sensor will facilitate the preclinical and clinical evaluation of CB2R-targeting therapeutics.