Expression Patterns of T-Cell Intracellular Antigen 1 in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Stroke

T-cell intracellular antigen 1 (TIA1) is a multifunctional RNA-binding protein (RBP) belonging to the RNA recognition motif (RRM) family. Under steady-state conditions, it is predominantly localized in the nucleus and highly expressed in the nervous system, where it regulates neuronal and glial functions. TIA1 modulates mRNA splicing, stability, and translation and promotes stress granule (SG) assembly under cellular stress. Recent studies indicate that the spatiotemporal dynamics of TIA1 in neurodegenerative contexts influence disease progression by regulating inflammatory responses, apoptosis, and related pathways. This review discusses the molecular structure and functions of TIA1, focusing on its expression in neurons and glia, as well as its implications in neurodegenerative disorders and stroke. The findings highlight TIA1 as a promising target for novel neuroprotective therapeutic strategies.