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Upconversion Colloid for Tracking Cellular Uptake of Nanoparticles.

Mykhailo Nahorniak1, Daniel Horák1, David Liebl2

  • 1Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|March 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed advanced upconverting nanoparticles (UCC) for biomedical applications. Surface modification enhanced their stability and cell uptake, showing broad potential in science and engineering.

Keywords:
colloidepithelial cellsglioma cellsinternalizationmacrophagessurface modificationupconversion

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Upconverting nanoparticles (UCC) convert infrared light to visible/UV light, offering technological potential.
  • Lanthanide-based nanoparticles (~10 nm) are key components for upconversion applications.
  • Surface modification is crucial for nanoparticle stability and functionality in biological systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize high-quality upconverting nanoparticles (UCC).
  • To enhance the colloidal stability and aqueous dispersibility of UCC.
  • To evaluate the in vitro cell uptake and potential applications of modified UCC.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized UCC using high-temperature coprecipitation and hydrothermal treatment.
  • PEGylated UCC with PEG-alendronate (PEG-Ale) for improved aqueous dispersion.
  • Characterized nanoparticles via electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and fluorescence microscopy.

Main Results:

  • Achieved stable, ~10 nm lanthanide-based upconverting nanoparticles (UCC).
  • PEG-Ale modification enhanced colloidal stability and upconversion emission.
  • Demonstrated in vitro internalization of UCC@Ale-PEG by epithelial cells and macrophages.

Conclusions:

  • Developed a new generation of upconverting nanoparticles (UCC) with enhanced properties.
  • Surface-modified UCC show promising biocompatibility and cell uptake.
  • These UCCs have broad application potential in biomedicine, bioengineering, and environmental science.