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A Murine Model of Muscle Training by Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation

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Moderate Aerobic Training Causes Muscle Wasting in a DMBA-Induced Sarcoma Rat Model.

Rafael Ribeiro Correia^1,2,3, Allice Santos Cruz Veras^1,2, Maria Eduarda Almeida Tavares^1,2

¹Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, SP, Brazil.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|March 14, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Moderate exercise worsened cancer cachexia in rats, causing more weight loss and muscle atrophy. This suggests exercise must be carefully tailored for cancer patients to avoid negative impacts on tumor growth and overall health.

Keywords:

aerobic exercise cancer cachexia muscle wasting transcriptomics tumor

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Exercise Physiology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Cancer cachexia is a debilitating condition causing severe weight loss, impacting patient survival and quality of life.
While exercise is generally beneficial, its effects on cancer cachexia are debated, with conflicting results reported.
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of exercise in cancer cachexia is crucial for developing effective supportive care strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of moderate aerobic exercise on cancer cachexia in a rat model.
To explore the molecular crosstalk between tumors, serum, and skeletal muscle in response to exercise.
To identify specific signaling pathways influenced by exercise in the context of cancer-associated cachexia.

Main Methods:

Induction of cancer cachexia in male Sprague-Dawley rats using 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA).
An eight-week moderate treadmill exercise regimen for the Cancer + Exercise group.
Analysis of tibialis anterior muscle, serum, and tumor tissues using RNA sequencing and bioinformatic approaches.

Main Results:

Exercise exacerbated cachexia, leading to increased weight loss, reduced muscle mass, and larger tumor size.
Transcriptomic profiling revealed heightened cachexia signatures and suppressed energy metabolism in exercised cancer rats.
Bioinformatic analysis identified enhanced pro-tumorigenic and pro-cachexia chemokine-receptor signaling pathways.

Conclusions:

Moderate aerobic exercise, when initiated later in the cancer progression, may worsen cachexia and promote tumor growth in this rat model.
The study highlights the potential detrimental effects of exercise in a pro-inflammatory cancer environment.
Exercise protocols for cancer patients require careful, individualized tailoring to mitigate adverse outcomes.