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Proliferative Phase01:20

Proliferative Phase

The proliferative phase typically occurs after menstruation and lasts between 6 to 13 days in a standard 28-day cycle. This phase involves the reconstruction of the endometrium, guided by estrogen produced by the developing ovarian follicle.
Notably, the stratum basale, the basal layer of the endometrium, including the basal parts of the uterine glands, remains unaffected by menstruation. Stem cells in this layer undergo mitosis, regenerating the stratum functionalis and thickening the...

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Isolation of Human Endometrial Stromal Cells for In Vitro Decidualization
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Pathway-Level Convergence Between Dynamic Plasma miRNAs and Endometrial Biological Processes During the Human

Chun-I Lee1,2,3, An Hsu4, Yu-Jen Lee5,6

  • 1Division of Infertility, Lee Women's Hospital, Taichung 406, Taiwan.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|March 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Temporal changes in microRNAs (miRNAs) during the peri-implantation window show pathway-level overlap between endometrial tissue and plasma, despite differing individual miRNA identities. This suggests a systems-level view of human implantation biology.

Keywords:
endometriumimplantation biologymicroRNApathway enrichmentperi-implantation windowplasma miRNAsystems biologytemporal dynamics

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • The peri-implantation window is critical for human embryo implantation, involving complex endometrial remodeling.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of implantation, but their dynamic changes in circulation during this window are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate temporal changes in miRNA expression in paired endometrial tissue and plasma during the peri-implantation window.
  • To determine if shared biological pathways are regulated by miRNAs in both compartments during this critical reproductive phase.

Main Methods:

  • Time-resolved small RNA sequencing was performed on paired endometrial and plasma samples from 62 participants across progesterone exposure days P+3 to P+7.
  • Temporal modeling was used to identify dynamic miRNAs in both tissue and plasma.
  • Functional enrichment analysis was conducted to compare biological pathways associated with differentially expressed miRNAs.

Main Results:

  • 27 dynamic miRNAs were identified in endometrial tissue and 17 in plasma.
  • Despite limited overlap in individual miRNAs, functional enrichment analysis revealed shared pathways related to apoptosis, cell cycle, aging, inflammation, and metabolism.
  • Four miRNAs showed concordant temporal trends between tissue and plasma.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic miRNA expression patterns during the peri-implantation window exhibit pathway-level overlap between endometrium and circulation, even with distinct miRNA profiles.
  • This suggests that circulating miRNAs can reflect underlying endometrial molecular processes in a pathway-specific manner.
  • The findings support a systems-level perspective for understanding human implantation biology.