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Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while...
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Ultra-long Read Sequencing for Whole Genomic DNA Analysis
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Systematic Review: Long-Read Sequencing in Algal Studies.

Kakima Kastuganova1, Alyamdar Askerov1, Attila Szabó2

  • 1Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|March 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Long-read sequencing (LRS) revolutionizes algal research by overcoming short-read sequencing limitations. This technology enhances genomics, pangenomics, and microbiome studies, paving the way for AI-driven advancements in algal biology.

Keywords:
16S/18S rRNA geneONTPacBioalgal host–bacterial symbiosisalgal microbiomelong-read sequencingmetabarcodingnanopore sequencingpangenome

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Genomics
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Long-read sequencing (LRS) and third-generation sequencing (TGS) platforms have significantly impacted life sciences, including environmental research.
  • Algal systems have benefited from LRS over the past decade, improving genomic approaches and revealing insights into microbiomes and host-symbiont interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in LRS applications within algal research.
  • To highlight how LRS addresses challenges posed by short-read sequencing (SRS) in algal studies.
  • To explore future directions for LRS in algal biology and ecology, including the role of artificial intelligence (AI).

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines.
  • Searches were performed across Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases.
  • Citation searching was employed, focusing on four key areas: metabarcoding, genomics, pangenomics, and host-symbiont interactions. 51 studies were selected.

Main Results:

  • LRS has enhanced metabarcoding, chromosome-level genome and pangenome assemblies in algae.
  • LRS provides novel insights into algae-associated microbiomes and host-symbiont interactions.
  • LRS effectively overcomes limitations associated with short-read sequencing in algal research.

Conclusions:

  • LRS is a transformative technology for algal research, offering superior genomic and microbiome analysis capabilities.
  • Future research directions include leveraging LRS for advanced algal biology and ecology studies, integrating AI for further breakthroughs.